Glossary English Developing Competencies 3
abortion /ə'bər∫n/ (n) an operation on a pregnant woman so that she will not have a baby
abuse /ə'bju:s/ (n): improper or excessive use or treatment
accomplished /ə'kΛmplı∫t/ (adj): having considerable talent and skill
accusation /,ækju'zeın/ (n): a statement accusing a person of a fault, wroding or crime
accuse /ə'kju:z/ (v) to say that sb has done sth wrong, is guilty of sth or has broken of the him of lying
acid /''æsıd/ (adj) having a bitter sharp a taste; sour: a lemon is an acid fruit
advantage /əd'va:ntıdЗ/ (n) a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favourable position compared to other people
advertisement /ædvər'taızmənt/ (n) a piece of information in a news paper, or a poster, etc.
advise /əd'vaıs/ (v) to tell sb what you think he/she should do
after /'æftar/ (n) later than sth: shelley called just after six o'clock
against /ə'gεnst/ (n) touching or leaning on sb/sth for support
agree /ə'gri/ (n) to have the same opinion
amazing /ə'meızıŋ/ (adj) causing you to be very suprised: she has shown amazing courage
announcement /ə'naυnsmənt/ (n) a statement that tells people about sth
argument /'argyumənt:/ (n) an angry discussion between two or more people who disagree with each other
attitude /'ætətud/ (n) the way that you think, feel or be have: social attitudes and beliefs she has a very positive attitude toward her work.
author /'əθər/ (v) to be the author of a book, a report, etc
awful /'əfl/ (adj) terrible; very serious: a have some awful news for you
allowance /əlaυəns/ (n): a small sum of money paid regularly by parents to a child so that the child can make his or her own purchases
animated /'ænımeıtıd/ (adj): full of liveliness or activity
appreciate /ə'pri:∫ieıt/ (v): to recognize with gratitude (certainly appreciates your kindness)
approve /ə'pru:v/ (v): to give formal or official sanction to : ratify
artificial /:a:t'fı∫əl/ (adj): humanly contrived often on a natural model; man-made
aspire /ə'spaıə/ (v): to seek to attain a particular goal
ban /bæn/ (v): to prohibit especially by legal means (ban discrimination); also : to prohibit the use, performance, or distribution of (ban a book; ban a pesticide)
bare /beə/ (adj): not covered by clothing
barn /ba:n/ (n): a usually large building for the storage of farm products or feed and usually for the housing of farm animals or farm equipment
basis /'beısıs/ (n): the bottom of something considered as its foundation
bear /beə/ (v): to give birth to
biodiversity /baıəυdaı'vЗ:sıti/ (n): biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals
block /blסk/ (v): to make unsuitable for passage or progress by obstruction
bloom /blu:m/ (v): to produce or yieldflowers
blossom /'blסsəm/ (v): to open into flower
boundary /'baυndəri/ (n): something (as a line, point, or plane) that indicates or fixes a limit or extent
bouquet /'bəυ'keı/ (n): a bunch of cutflowers that have been specially chosen or arranged
campaign /kæm'peın/ (n): a connected series of operations designed to bring about a particular result (election campaign)
capital punishment /'kæpıtl pΛnı∫mınt/ (n): punishment by legal killing
capsize /kæp'saız/ (v): to cause to overturn
case /'keıs/ (n): a set of circumstances or conditions
catastrophe /'kə:tæstrəfi/ (n): a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction or many people are injured or die
chamber /'t∫eımbə/ (n): room
character /'kærıktə/ (n): one of the people portrayed in a book, play, or film
cloud /klaυd/ (n) to make sth less enjoyable; to spoil sth: the festival wasclouded by violence between rival gangs
charming /'t∫a:mıŋ/ (adj): having the power to delight or attract people
circumstance /'sЗ:kəmstæns/ (n): a condition, fact, or event accompanying, conditioning, or determining
climate /'klaımıt/ (n): the average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period of years as exhibited by temperature, wind velocity, and precipitation
clone /kləυn/ (n): to make an exact copy of an animal or plant by taking a cell rom it and developing it artificially
exciting /ık'saıt̺ ıŋ/ (adj) causing strong feelings of pleasure and interest that's very exciting news
explanation /,εksplə'neı∫n/ (n) making sth clear or giving a reason for sth: that idea does't need much explation
fairy tale /'fearıteıl/ (n): a story for children about fairies or other imaginary beings and events, often containing a moral message
faithful /'feıθfυl/ (adj): consistently trustworthy and loyal, especially to a person, a promise, or duty
fancy /'fænsi/ (adj): expensive and fashionable
fare /feə/ (n): cost of travel
fate / / (n): force predetermining events
fertilise /'fЗ:tılaız/ (v): to unite a female gamete with a male gamete, thus enabling the development of a new individual to take place
fetch /fet∫/ (v): to go after and bring back somebody or something
fond /fסnd/ (adj): feeling love, affection, or a strong liking for somebody or something
for /fə/ (prep): in favour of, or in support of something
formation /fə:'meı∫ən/ (n): the process by which something develops or takes a particular shape
fragile /'frædЗaıl/ (adj): easy to break, damage, or harm, usually because delicate or brittle
fragrance /'freıgrəns/ (n): a pleasant smell
genetic engineering gender /'dЗendə/ (n): the sex of a person or organism, or of a whole category of people or organisms
global warming /:gləυbl 'wə:mıŋ/ (n): an increase in the world's temperatures, believed to be caused in part by the greenhouse effect and depletion of the ozone layer
gratitude /'grætıtju:d/ (n): a feeling of being thankful to somebody for doing something
graze /greız/ (v): to eat grass and other green plants in fields, or eat the grass and plants of a particular fi eld or fields
groan /grəυn/ (v): utter a moan
guilty /'gıltı/ (adj): responsible for a crime, wrong action, or error and deserving punishment, blame, or criticism
hail /heıl/ (v): to praise or approve a person, action, or accomplishment with enthusiasm
harmful /'ha:mfυl/ (adj): causing damage or injury
head /hed/ (v): to move or go in a specified direction or to a specifi ed position
hope /hoυp/ (n) a person or thing that gives you hope
horrible /'hסrəbl/ (adj): very bad, very unpleasant, or caused by anxiety or fear about something bad
icon /'aikסn/ (n): a picture or symbol that is universally recognized to be representative of something
imply /ım'plaı/ (v): to make something understood without expressing it directly
in vain /ın veın/ (adv): fruitlessly, pointlessly, or unsuccessfully
incite /ın'saıt/ (v): to stir up feelings in or provoke action by somebody
induce /ın'dju:s/ (v): to persuade or influence somebody to do or think something
innocent /'ınəsənt/ (adj): not guilty of a crime or offence
instruction /ın'strΛk∫n/ (n) teaching or being taught: we offer instructions in all styles of dance
interesting /'ıntrəstıŋ/ (adj) enjoyable and entertaining to do, think about, talk to, etc.;
issue /'ı∫u:/ (n): a topic for discussion or of general concern
judge /dЗΛdЗ/ (n) to act as a judge in court of law he said it was the heard est case he had ever had to judge
judgement /'dЗΛdЗmənt/ (n) the ability to form sensible opinions or to make wise decisions
lesson /'lεsn/ (n) a period of time when you learn or teach sth, ussualy not in school she teaches piano lesson
legalise /'lı'gəlaız/ (v): to make an activity legal by making or changing a law
lifeboat /'laıffbəυt/ (n): a boat used for rescuing people from ships in trouble at sea
lofty /'lסfti/ (adj): behaving in a falsely superior or haughty manner
manipulate /mə'nıpjυleıt/ (v): to control or influence somebody or something in a clever or devious way
manufacture /:mænjυ'fækt∫ə/ (v): to make something into a fi nished product using raw materials, especially on a large industrial scale
mate /meıt/ (n): a friend, also used as a friendly, or sometimes hostile, form of address to a man
moisture /moıst∫r/ (n): wetness, especially droplets of condensed or absorbed liquid or in a vapour
motive /'məυtıv/ (n): the reason for doing something or behaving in a particular way
neglect /nı'glekt/ (n): the failure to give proper care or attention to somebody or something
narrative /'næreıtər/ a story or an account opponent /ə'pəυnənt/ (n): omebody who is against a particular course of action or who does not support a particular cause or belief
orphan /'ə:fən/ (n): child whose parents are both dead or who has been abandoned by his or her parents, especially a child not adopted by another family
pattern /'pætn/ (n): a regular or repetitive form, order, or arrangement
phenomenon /fı:nסmınən/ (n): a fact or occurrence that can be observed
pile /paıl/ (v): to heap or stack things one on top of another
pilgrim /'pılgrım/ (n): somebody who goes on a journey to a holy place for religious reasons
plotline /plסtlaın/ (n): the plot or storyline in a book or dramatic presentation, or the dialogue needed to develop the plot
plot /plסt/ (n): events in the story of film, novel, etc.
portray /pə:'treı/(v): to represent somebody or something in words
postpone /pəυst'pəυn/ (v): to put something off until a later time or date
precipitate /'prısıpıtıt/ (n): to cause liquid or solid forms of water, condensed in the atmosphere, to fall to the ground as rain, snow, or hail, or to fall in such a form
predict /prı'dıkt/ (verb) to say that sth will happen ( often because have special knowledge to predict the results of the election scientist still cannot predict when earthquakes will happen
prevail /prı'veıl/ (v): to remain in general use or effect
pro-choice /prəυt∫əıs/ (adj): advocating open legal access to voluntary abortion
proficiency /prə'fı∫ənsi/ (n): competence in something, or knowledge of it
pro-life /prə'laıv/ (adj): in favour of bringing the human foetus to full term, especially by campaigning against abortion and experimentation on embryos
promise /'prmas/ (verb) to show sign of sth, so that you expect it to happen: the picnic promises to be a lot of fun
propagate /:prסpəgeıt/ (v): to reproduce a plant or animal or, cause one to reproduce
proponent /prə'pəυnənt/ (n): somebody who advocates something
purpose /'pərpəs/ (n) having an aim or plan and acting according to it: A good leader inspires people with a sense of
quit /kwıt/ (v): to give up, leave, or resign from a position or organization
rainfall /'reınfə:l/ (n): the amount of rain that falls in a particular location over a particular period of time
require /rı'kwaıə/ (v): to be in need of something or somebody for a particular purpose
restriction /rı'strık∫ən/ (n): something that limits or controls something else
revive /rı'vaıv/ (v): to come, or bring somebody, back to life, consciousness, or full strength
romance /rəυ'mæns/ (n): a love affair, especially a brief and intense one
scary /'skeəri/ (adj.): causing fear or alarm
scene /si:n/ (n): a view of a place or an activity, especially one presented in a painting or photograph
setting severe /sı'vıə/ (adj): very harsh or strict
shift /∫ıft/ (n): a change in position, direction, makeup, or circumstances
short-list /'∫ə:tlıst/ (v.): to put somebody or something on a final list of candidates for a position or award
soil /səıl/ (n): the top layer of most of the earth's land surface, consisting of the unconsolidated products of rock erosion and organic decay, along with bacteria and fungi
speech /spi:t∫/ (n): the ability to speak splendid /'spıendıd/ (adj): impressive because of quality or size
split /splıt/ (v): to divide something or be divided lengthwise into two or more parts, usually by force
statue /'stæt∫u:/ (n): a three-dimensional image of a human being or animal that is sculpted, modelled, cast, or carved
stuff /stΛf/ (v): to fill something by pushing things into it
tempting /'temtıŋ/ (adj): causing craving or desire to arise
terrestrial /tə'restriəl/ (adj): relating to Earth rather than other planets
unborn /:Λn'bə:n/ (adj): not yet born, but usually already conceived and gestating
unconditional /:Λnkən'dı∫ənl/ (adj): complete or guaranteed, with no conditions, limitations, or provisos
veil /veıl/ (n): a length of fabric, usually sheer, worn by women over the head and face as a concealment or for protection
vein /veın/ (n): any of the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
velvet /'velvıt/ (n): a cotton, silk, or nylon fabric with a dense soft usually lustrous pile and a plain underside
wander /'wסndə/ (v): to move from place to place, either without a purpose or without a known destination
wisdom /'wızdəm/ (n): the knowledge and experience needed to make sensible decisions and judgments, or the good sense shown by the decisions and judgments made
wonderful/'wΛndərfl/ (adj) very good, giving great pleasure
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